SHRP Reports: Highway Operations Reports

Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) Publications Concrete and Structures Reports General Reports Highway Operations Reports Long-Term Pavement Performance Reports ========================================================= HIGHWAY OPERATIONS REPORTS ========================================================= Highway Operations: Progress and Products Update Explains the structure and overall objectives of SHRP's highway operations program. The report is divided into two sections: maintenance research, and snow and ice research. Lists contractors who performed the research. 42 pages. SHRP-H-319 Snow Fence Guide This guide provides construction plans and guidelines for placement of snow fence for maximum effectiveness and cost-efficiency. It also explains ways to work with landowners to obtain cooperation with a snow fence program, and it discusses considerations involved with use of trees and shrubs to block blowing snow. (See also Design Guidelines for the Control of Blowing and Drifting Snow, SHRP-H-381.) 64 pages. SHRP-H-320 Development of a Procedure to Rate the Application of Pavement Maintenance Treatments Identifies a possible approach for quantifying the diverse factors involved in pavement maintenance by using decision trees. A single rating is used to evaluate the performance of the treatments. 464 pages. SHRP-H-322 Handbook of Test Methods for Evaluating Chemical Deicers Contains sixty-two test methods for the evaluation of chemical deicers in eight principal property performance areas, from physicochemical characteristics to health and safety aspects. Evaluations range from ice-melting tests to corrosion tests of reinforcement bar in concrete. 312 pages. SHRP-H-332 Evaluation Procedures for Deicing Chemicals SHRP-H-205 [ Real Video: 10:54 ] Intelligent and Localized Weather Prediction Provides design details of a 24-hour weather prediction system for snow and ice control operations in road maintenance. The system accounts for detailed terrain effects. The system can produce weather maps at 6-hour intervals for meteorological users, or easy-to-read icons indicating rain, snow, temperature, and wind conditions laid on top of terrain and road network displays. Local weather observations can be incorporated into some forecasts. 145 pages. SHRP-H-333 Improved Cutting Edges for Ice Removal Presents an evaluation of snow plow blade geometry and its effects on the force required to remove ice from a highway pavement surface. A prototype was developed and three different cutting edges were tested. 98 pages. SHRP-H-346 Asphalt Pavement Repair Manuals of Practice Provides guidelines for pothole patching and for crack sealing and filling in asphalt pavements. Describes procedures for selecting materials and equipment; determining productivity; and calculating cost-effectiveness. The information is based on literature reviews, current practice, and field results of two SHRP studies. 164 pages. SHRP-H-348 Concrete Pavement Repair Manuals of Practice Provides guidelines for the spall and joint seal repair on portland cement concrete pavements. Describes procedures for selecting materials and equipment; installation; determining productivity; and calculating cost-effectiveness. The information presented is based on literature reviews, current practice, and field results of two SHRP studies. 251 pages. SHRP-H-349 Road Weather Information Systems Volume 1: Research Report Reviews current snow and ice control practices, communication of road weather information, and the potential uses of such information in roadway snow and ice control within highway agencies. Presents considerations regarding the location of road weather information systems and discusses possible cost-reduction ranges for implementation. Offers conclusions and recommendations for state and local highway maintenance agencies. 219 pages. SHRP-H-350 Road Weather Information Systems Volume 2: Implementation Guide Supplements Volume 1. Describes the current technology, information sources, communication requirements, and proper siting of sensors. Includes sample requests for proposals for the necessary equipment and services. 82 pages. SHRP-H-351 Innovative Materials Development and Testing--Volume 1: Project Overview Describes an investigation of cost-effectiveness of materials, equipment, and procedures used in pothole repair in asphalt pavement, crack treatment in asphalt pavement, joint resealing in portland cement concrete pavement, and partial-depth spall repair in portland cement concrete pavement. Volumes 2 through 5 present individual experiments in greater detail. 45 pages. SHRP-H-352 Innovative Materials Development and Testing--Volume 2: Pothole Repair Identifies materials and techniques that are potentially cost-effective in repairing potholes in asphalt concrete pavements. Describes the research approach used to determine the findings published in SHRP-H-348, Asphalt Pavement Repair Manuals of Practice. 223 pages. SHRP-H-353 Innovative Materials Development and Testing--Volume 3: Treatment of Cracks in Asphalt Concrete-Surfaced Pavements Details the results from five test sites used to evaluate the performance of various materials and procedures to treat cracks in asphalt cement pavements. The sites were treated with proprietary emulsion sealant; fiberized asphalt sealant; crack-fiber materials used in configurations as a simple band-aid sealant; reservoir and flush; and a recessed band-aid sealant. These findings were used in SHRP-H-348, Asphalt Pavement Repair Manuals of Practice. 151 pages. SHRP-H-354 Innovative Materials Development and Testing--Volume 4: Joint Seal Repair Evaluates and compares the performance of different materials and methods for resealing joints in concrete pavements. Over 1,600 joints were installed, using four different installation methods and twelve sealant materials, including rubberized asphalt, silicone, and polysulfide, at five U.S. sites. The findings were the basis for SHRP-H-349, Concrete Pavement Repair Manuals of Practice. 145 pages. SHRP-H-355 Innovative Materials Development and Testing--Volume 5: Partial Depth Spall Repair Describes the research design, installation, and evaluation of three types of spall repair materials. Within the four SHRP climatic zones, 1,607 patches were constructed in an investigation of cementitious, polymeric and bituminous patching materials and procedures used in repairing jointed concrete pavements. The findings were the basis for SHRP-H-349, Concrete Pavement Repair Manuals of Practice. 197 pages. SHRP-H-356 Pavement Maintenance Effectiveness Discusses the experimental design, project selection, construction, data collection, analysis, and future activities of the pavement maintenance effectiveness project. The research goal was to develop a database of maintenance treatments for extending pavement service life or reducing the development of pavement distress. Includes an evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of pavement maintenance treatments for asphalt concrete-surfaced pavements and portland cement concrete pavements. 350 pages. SHRP-H-358 Maintenance Work Zone Safety Devices--Development and Evaluation Presents the findings of tests and evaluations of 25 new work zone safety devices. Twelve devices successfully passed the evaluation stage: the Salt Spreader/Truck Mounted Attenuator Interface, the Portable Crash Cushion, the Ultrasonic Detection Alarm, the Infrared Intrusion Alarm, the Queue Length Detector, the Portable Rumble Strip, the Direction Indicator Barricade, the Opposing Traffic Lane Dividers, the Snowplow Blade Markers, the Flashing Stop/Slow Paddle, the Portable Sign and Stand, and the Remotely Driven Vehicle. 193 pages, SHRP-H-371 Seismic Pavement Analyzer--Operations Manual with Technical Specifications The seismic pavement analyzer detects pavement deterioration by estimating Young's and shear modula in the pavement, base, and subgrade from the wave propagation measurements. Measurement of pavement response produced by high- and low-frequency pneumatic hammers on five accelerometers and three geophones, over a wide range of distances, is recorded. Includes a user's manual and the technical specifications. 61 pages, SHRP-H-374 Development and Testing of a Seismic Pavement Analyzer The seismic pavement analyzer measures conditions such as voids or loss of support under a rigid pavement, moisture infiltration in asphalt concrete pavement, fine cracking in pavements, delamination of overlays, and aging of asphalt. Includes results from field tests. (See companion report Seismic Pavement Analyzer: Operations Manual with Technical Specifications, SHRP-H-374.) 165 pages. SHRP-H-375 Making Pavement Maintenance More Effective--Training Supplement Describes current pavement maintenance techniques such as chip sealing, slurry sealing, crack sealing in asphalt pavement; and undersealing, and joint and crack sealing in portland cement concrete pavements. (See also Pavement Maintenance Effectiveness, SHRP-H-358, and Development of a Procedure to Rate the Application of Pavement Maintenance Treatments, SHRP-H-322.) 15 pages. SHRP-H-380 Design Guidelines for the Control of Blowing and Drifting Snow This report describes how to design effective and economical measures for controlling blowing and drifting snow. These measures include various snow fence designs to accommodate land use and right-of-way considerations; considerations for pavement design and appurtenances; proper siting of snow fence to compensate for terrain; and ways to use trees and plants as natural snow fences. The field research and sources of information are presented. (See also the Snow Fence Guide, SHRP-H-320.) 364 pages. SHRP-H-381 Development of Anti-Icing Technology Nine state highway agencies conducted anti-icing experiments to determine when anti-icing is effective and how to conduct anti-icing efficiently. Anti-icing treatment requires less chemicals than most deicing procedures and makes it easier to achieve bare pavement conditions. A limited cost-benefit analysis was performed, comparing anti-icing effectiveness with deicing operations. The findings of Scandinavian countries that use anti-icing are reviewed. 479 pages. SHRP-H-385 HIGHWAY OPERATIONS REPORTS THAT RECEIVED LIMITED DISTRIBUTION ("UNPUBLISHED REPORTS") Evaluation of the Use of Laser Ultrasonics for the Rapid, Noncontact Inspection of Concrete and Asphalt Researchers developed a laser system to detect voids, delaminations, and defects in asphalt and mesh reinforced concrete structures. The goals of the research were to discover whether laser systems could generate and receive ultrasound in concrete and asphalt, obtain the same information as conventional ultrasonic tests, and obtain more information than conventional tests. 79 pages. SHRP-ID/UFR-92-604 Maintenance Work Zone Safety Describes ten design challenges based on observed accident and operational problems in current maintenance work zones and an industry survey. The objective was to develop new and more effective ways to protect workers in maintenance work zones from the hazards of nearby traffic. An international competition was used to solicit ideas for new devices. Physical construction and testing was the subject of a subsequent study. 350 pages. SHRP-M/FR-89-001 Image Processing for a Pavement Crack Monitor Researchers developed new algorithms and drew upon existing techniques for a video-based image processing system that would evaluate cracks in pavement. The effects, both positive and negative, of various algorithms are described, as well as a very specific procedure capable of automatically examining various types of both asphalt and concrete pavements. An analysis is provided for converting the software algorithms into a hardware system capable of real-time operation. 97 pages. SHRP-ID/FR-90-001 Innovative Materials and Equipment for Pavement Surface Repairs. Volume I: Summary of Material Performance and Experimental Plans The first of a three-volume report summarizes the use, performance, and properties of numerous sealing and patching materials used for common maintenance activities, including portland cement concrete (PCC) crack sealing, PCC joint resealing, PCC spall repair, asphalt concrete (AC) crack sealing and filling, and AC pothole repair. 205 pages. SHRP-M/UFR-91-504 Innovative Materials and Equipment for Pavement Surface Repairs. Volume II: Synthesis of Operational Deficiencies of Equipment Used for Pavement Surface Repairs Volume II investigates the deficiencies of current maintenance equipment. Information was obtained through questionnaires sent to state agencies and contractors. The purpose of this report is to identify the limitations of existing maintenance equipment; subsequent research will then focus on defining desirable maintenance equipment characteristics. 233 pages. SHRP-M/UFR-91-505 Innovative Materials and Equipment for Pavement Surface Repairs. Volume III: Database Users Guide Volume III of this three-volume set is a users manual that describes the use and manipulation of the Oracle Relational Database Manager used in this project. The database contains product information and performance histories of many patching and sealing materials, as well as performance information on various types of equipment for patching and sealing. The report contains supplemental information on the development of the database, as well as a copy of the questionnaire used in the research effort. 83 pages. SHRP-M/UFR-91-506 Measuring Systems and Instrumentation for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pavement Maintenance Synthesizes information resulting from the H-103 project and presents recommendations for future projects. In particular, this report defines pavement conditions that relate to maintenance effectiveness. It also attempts to identify measurement and instrumentation systems that enable maintenance forces to detect and correctly interpret pavement conditions, evaluate and select appropriate maintenance treatments, and monitor the effects of this maintenance on subsequent pavement conditions. 36 pages. SHRP-M/UWP-91-513 Strategic Communications and Training Plan Examines the communications and training products that are most effective in transferring highway operations technology to end users. Findings indicate that a multifaceted approach is necessary to reach various audiences. Recommendations are made regarding the use of specific mechanisms for each research product. 116 pages. SHRP-M/UIR-91-521 Ice-Pavement Bond Prevention: Surface Modification Describes the studies completed on the investigation of water-soluble inorganic and organic compounds and of oils, to identify chemicals that could be placed in the wearing course of asphalt concrete. The objective was to reduce the freezing point of surface accumulations of ice to weaken the ice-pavement bond or to prevent its formation. Tests were conducted to determine the persistence of additives and the effect on surface friction. 162 pages. SHRP-W/UIR-92-603 Ice-Pavement Bond Prevention: Fundamental Study States the findings of an investigation of the freezing of water on portland cement concrete and asphalt concrete pavements. Surface analysis and mechanical testing techniques were used, as well as computer simulation of the crystallization process. Models, reference substrates, and actual pavements were used to isolate and control experimental variables. The ice-pavement system was studied as an adhesive joint in order to address the factors important to determining the ice adhesive strength. 102 pages. SHRP-W/UFR-92-606 Investigation of a Pavement Crack-Filling Robot Researchers developed a laboratory prototype to identify, map, track, and fill pavement cracks. Video imaging and electronic scanning equipment installed in a van is followed by a rack carrying a hot-air lance, a sealant wand, and a supply trailer. Using the combination of visual and depth sensing equipment, the cracks were located and mapped and then filled within 1 cm. (0.5 in.) 110 pages. SHRP-ID/UFR-92-616 Development of Maintenance-Free Highway Safety Appurtenances Describes a series of laboratory tests of high molecular weight/high density polyethylene tubes for suitability in use as highway safety appurtenances. Concludes that they are both effective and reusable. The report suggests that impact attenuation devices made of the polymer are potentially maintenance free, and it recommends further design fabrication and testing of such devices. 85 pages. SHRP-H-640 Ice-Pavement Bond Disbonding--Fundamental Study Illuminates the ice-pavement bond structure and the mechanics of its formation to provide a basis to develop techniques for destroying or disrupting the ice-pavement bond. The report characterizes the physical and chemical processes that cause deterioration in the bond formed between ice and asphalt and portland cement concretes. 433 pages. SHRP-H-643 Ice-Pavement Bond Disbonding--Surface Modification and Disbonding Explores the research into new techniques for disbonding ice. Noncontact and contact methods are tested. Methods such as additives to alter surface texture; electromagnetic radiation; and abrasive air and liquid jets applied directly to ice pavement interface are discussed. 213 pages. SHRP-H-644 Evaluation Procedures for Deicing Chemicals and Improved Sodium Chloride Encompasses a literature review of prior work, establishes a criteria for characterizing chemical deicers, and identifies potential test methods for evaluating candidate deicing chemicals. Identifies 62 tests. Describes in detail 12 methods specifically developed for chemical deicers. (See also the report Handbook of Test Methods for Evaluating Chemical Deicers, SHRP-H-332.) 361 pages. SHRP-H-647 Fabrication and Testing of An Automated Crack Sealing Machine Provides details on the development of a machine designed to seal cracks and joints in highway pavement. Included are a feasibility analysis, development details from concept to prototype, component testing results, and market and cost analyses. The machinery has the potential for improved personnel safety and productivity, and improved quality and uniformity of repair. 446 pages. SHRP-H-659 Development of Ground-Penetrating Radar Equipment for Detecting Pavement Condition for Preventive Maintenance Ground-penetrating radar can locate potential maintenance problems in highway pavements, such as stripping in an asphalt layer, moisture in a base layer, voids or loss of support under rigid pavements, and overlay delaminations. Second-generation prototype systems were used to test in-service pavements in Texas and Georgia. 177 pages. SHRP-H-672 An Improved Displacement Snowplow Describes the research on improving the design of snowplows, as well as design, fabrication and testing of plows incorporating improvements. The primary goal was to decrease energy consumption during plowing by twenty percent. 85 pages. SHRP-H-673 A Transverse Profiler Using Laser-Beam-Carried Microwave-Interferometry Documents the design, construction, and successful testing of a prototype transverse profiler based on the theory of laser beam carried microwave interferometry. Such a profiler would provide a rapid, economical, reliable, and repeatable means of measuring pavement rutting. The measurement system may be carried in a vehicle operating at normal highway speeds. 87 pages. SHRP-ID/UFR-90-003 Fabrication and Testing of Automated Pothole Patching Machine Describes the development of the automated pothole patching machine from concept to prototype testing. Speedy, yet effective, repairs are achieved in nearly all weather conditions and road configurations, and with a variety of materials. The system can cut and shape a pothole in asphalt-surfaced pavement, vacuum clean the cavity, heat and dry the bonding surface, and spray an asphalt emulsion and rock aggregate patch material into the hole. 110 pages. SHRP-H-674 Automated Vehicle for Enhanced Work Crew Safety Presents a low-cost method of reducing worker exposure to hazardous conditions. Both a reduced-scale and a full-scale automated vehicle are demonstrated. 37 pages. SHRP-H-676 Maintenance Work Zone Safety Devices Plans Contains plans and specifications of the 12 prototype safety devices that had successfully passed the several phases of testing and evaluation conducted during the course of research. Also included are plans for devices which did not prove successful at some stage of evaluation, but have potential for use with additional modifications and testing. 179 pages. SHRP-H-681. (Not included in SHRP CD-ROM Library) Anti-Icing Study: Controlled Chemical Treatments Correlations between meteorologic parameters and chemical effectiveness can indicate the optimum conditions for a particular anti-icing chemical application. Anti-icing chemical treatments are more efficient when used for adhesion prevention than for removing snow or ice already in place. 145 pages. SHRP-H-683 (To view PDF files)      Adobe Access PDF to HTML conversion